Výsledky vyhledávání

Skeletal muscles of a dog Fats or carbohydrates, overheating or acidification? Before I go on to list translations and excerpts of some studies, I will first explain the terms you will find here. This will prevent misinformation and misunderstanding of the article as a whole. Svalová vlákna: Základní stavební jednotka svalu. Jejich poměr a typ se během života nemění a je ovlivněn dědičně po rodičích a prarodičích, a to až z 95 %. Existuje domněnka, že některá svalová vlákna mají tendenci se během života přizpůsobovat nejčastěji vykonávané činnosti. VO2max: Maximum oxygen utilization. It is given in milliliters per kilogram for one minutes. The average healthy man has a VO2max of 30-40 ml / kg / min, a top athlete can reach more than 70 ml / kg / min. The average German hound can have a VO2max between 350-450 ml / kg / min. Known types of muscle fibers: •Type I - SO (slow oxidative): Slow oxidizing "red" fibers with a high content myoglobin, high oxidizing capacity and slow fatigue are applied especially at endurance loads of lower intensity. Thanks to the high oxidation capacity they can use fats very efficiently as a primary energy source. • Type II A - FOG (fast oxidative glycolytic): Fast oxidative glycolytic fibers with medium oxidation capacity, high glycolytic capacity, rapid contraction and moderately fast fatigue are applied at medium to submaximal loads intensities that accompany both aerobic and anaerobic methods of energy recovery. • Type II B - FG (fast glycolytic): Fast glycolytic fibers with low oxidation capacity, the highest glycolytic capacity, rapidly contracting, but also fast tiring are involved in power and speed performance of maximum intensity with a predominance of anaerobic energy metabolism. •Type III undifferentiated: Their exact determination is not known. Several studies it is assumed that these muscle fibers have the ability to adapt during life the type of work and load that prevails. Muscle Skeletal muscles make up 30% - 50% of a dog's body weight. There is little connective tissue in canine muscles, muscle tissue predominates, while slow red type I (SO) fibers predominate in the deep limb muscles, which provide constant tension without getting tired. In the superficial muscles, there are red fibers together with fast white type II A fibers (FOG), which allow fast force movement and are also very resistant to fatigue. The muscles correspond to the adaptation of the dog as a persistent runner. Fast red fibers, which allow maximum force movement type II B (FG), which gets tired quickly, are in the dog only in a very negligible amount. Interesting: The muscles of the greyhound and all its relatives have much larger reserves of glycogen. Further they can wash away lactic acid more efficiently and are more easily oxygenated than hybrids and other breeds. Composition of fibers in a dog The dog's muscles are very well adapted to fast and long-lasting performance. Due to their construction, where type I fibers predominate, in some places supplemented with type II A fibers, it is therefore a prerequisite for high resistance to acidity and subsequent fatigue due to movement. The main energy source of these two types of fibers is fat and partly the energy stored in muscles in the form of glycogen. Due to the absence of type II B muscle fibers, there is no need supplying skeletal muscle with fast energy from simple sugars. Depending on the composition of the dog's muscles and its high VO2max, excessive work will lead to complete overheating of the body than excessive accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles. Maximum oxygen utilization and type of muscle fibers play a major role Recall that in his lecture, which took place at the European Championships in Nové Město na Moravě, Rob Downey mentioned a study that confirmed that the dog's VO2max is up to six times higher than that of top endurance runners. Based on this information, it is clear that the so-called over-acidification of the dog will have to occur in completely different loads than in humans. However, this finding also supports the claim that the dog manages to playfully use fat as a resource energy even in crisis force phases of the load, when a person only reaches for carbohydrates, which can be burned even in the absence of oxygen. So it helps not only its huge VO2max, but also the composition of muscle fibers. With enough oxygen, muscle fibers type I SO and II A FOG do not have to reach for carbohydrates, but they can oxidize fats, ie a more efficient source of energy. Reality of internet discussions: In online discussions, we often read various conflicting opinions, such as the following: • The dog mainly needs carbohydrates for its performance. • The dog only needs fats for his performance. • Due to excessive stress, a dog can become acidic just like a human, and therefore in performance significantly allow. What is and what is not true, no one will probably crack. Feed manufacturers, competitors, scientific studies and other groups will always have their own opinion. However, I enclose a few facts here, which can help you to illustrate your opinion. As RNDr. Milan Šťourač in an article on meat feeding: "There are a number of studies by which various companies confirm the positive impact of industrial diet on dog health and life. Natural diet studies could be counted on the fingers of one hand. No meat plant has commissioned such a study, no meat plant motivates veterinarians to promote its products." • The dog does not need mainly carbohydrates for its performance. Definitely not simple carbohydrates obtained before exercise from the diet. When it uses carbohydrates, it is the energy stores stored in the form of glycogen in the muscles. However, each muscle uses only its own glycogen supply. Consumed glycogen is automatically replenished after the procedure and it is not a condition to artificially replenish carbohydrates, although it is a faster solution. The oligosaccharide maltodextrin is often used for supplementation. Unfortunately, recent studies have shown that it has a high glycemic index and therefore has a large effect on insulin levels in the blood. Side effects such as allergic skin reactions, breathing problems and unwanted weight gain have also been reported. • The dog does not use only pure fats for its performance. It always uses a mixture of fats, glycogen and other substances in every load. The ratio of this mixture depends on the level of load and the body's ability to effectively use fats even at higher loads. Therefore, if the dog is fed carbohydrates, its ability to break down fats at a higher load is very low and the body relies on fast sugars, which it consumes very quickly - in the order of several minutes depending on the level of load. • The value of the dog's maximum oxygen utilization and its inability to cool off with sweat answers the question of whether the dog overheats or becomes sour first. According to Rob Downey, the dog's body temperature rises much faster during exercise than in the warmest desert in the world. In a trained dog in good physical condition, on the other hand, lactic acid does not have much chance of accumulating, because the usability of oxygen, ie muscle oxygenation, is at a very high level. However, this does not mean that acidification is impossible. In extreme cases, when the dog reaches a very high speed and at the same time has to perform force work, the risk of acidification is real. In conclusion Please note that this article is for information purposes only and how you handle the information is entirely up to you. This is an excerpt from various studies, lectures and script information for veterinarians. In this article I discuss the metabolism and muscle fibers of trained dogs in a regular training process. Sources: https://link.springer.com http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov articles by RNDr. Milan Šťourač (leading specialist in dog nutrition and B.A.R.F) Rob Downey's lecture

Many runners talk about holding their wrists correctly, loosening the fingers of each hand, hitting the tip, the right angle in their forearms, and other aspects of that magical mantra called the "right running technique." But many of them forget the absolute foundation that protects runners from fatigue injuries and that boosts performance. It is not beyond the feeling of lightness that the high cadence of a running step will bring to the run. As Christopher McDougall wrote in Born to Run, "The best runners leave no trace." I don't think there's anything to add to this statement, because it's not just the hovering that will leave traces. However, with the cumbersome impact of a long step, we will not really achieve that. What does running cadence mean? When we talk about running cadence, we are talking about the number of foot impacts in one minute. In order to be able to imagine what is low, what is nominal and what is already a good running cadence, I will add a few numbers. Most novice runners achieve a cadence of 150 to 165 steps per minute. Good amateur runners are already moving somewhere between 170 - 180 steps per minute. Well, elite racers reach a range of 180-200 steps per minute. You may think of a clear relationship between a runner's racing pace and his cadence. I.e. the faster the higher the cadence. However, this does not always work. An elite runner can hold a cadence of 190 steps both in trot and in a 10 km race, regardless of pace, rebound force and stride length. The importance of high cadence We can explain it simply without foreign expressions and incomprehensible studies. With a high cadence, your running step is significantly shorter. By shortening the step, we get several benefits: The energy savings you invest in running can be up to 10% over the same distance. How is this possible when you are taking more steps than before? By shortening the step, you will significantly reduce the muscle work of the large leg muscles. In particular, the thighs shorten the range of their movement, the impact is directed in the axis rather under the body and there is no braking of the impact to the heel. Forward energy replaces vertical oscillation. Simply put, increasing cadence has a direct effect on reducing vertical oscillation, that is, inefficient upward bouncing. Instead, the forward energy, ie the ability to use energy to move forward, increases slightly. Injury prevention is probably the most important benefit of high cadence. Short step = less shocks and less hard impacts. The weight transfer on impact usually changes immediately from the heel area to the middle part of the foot, and thus to its entire surface. Some studies state that when you hit the heel in a long step, you can put your joints under a load corresponding to up to three times your weight. So it's not hard to calculate how many tons your joints have to absorb during each low-cadence run. Changing the dynamics and rhythm of running - from initially strenuous activity to high and cadence becomes an easy and dynamic affair. The body works as a whole and the rest of your parts adapt quickly. The range of arm movement is shortened, thus reducing torso rotation. Respiratory rate also changes subconsciously along with cadence. How to measure running cadence? There are many options today. We will analyze their accuracy. Step counting - run and count the impacts of one of your legs for 30 seconds. Then multiply this number by 4 and you will get your cadence. The method is very primitive, but accurate. Unfortunately, it lacks the ability to measure cadence throughout the run. Who would also like to look underfoot and still count and multiply… Sports testers and footpods already offer us much more sophisticated measurement methods. To do this, we get an overview of our cadence throughout the run. Visualization of the trend due to elevation and pace in individual places is very valuable information for the future. However, even sports testers may not be omnipotent. If they calculate the stride length and cadence using formulas from your height, weight and running pace, then the measurement has its inaccuracies. In the best case, you can manually set the average length of the running step, which will make the measurement significantly more accurate. Better models of sports testers are already able to measure cadence very accurately using built-in motion sensors or external sensors called footpods, which are most often placed on shoes. They can also be part of chest straps for sensing heart activity. They contain motion sensors and calculate your cadence and other values ​​such as stride length or ground time based on your movement with high accuracy. How to increase running cadence? Today, there are many ways to train cadence. Probably the most effective way is the running alphabet combined with a conscious increase in cadence during the run itself. Another very popular way are headphones, from which music rumbles in your ears in a rhythm that corresponds to the desired cadence. So if you are one of the "headphones", make your work easier and play music in rhythms of 170-180 BPM (beat per minute). So what cadence is right? It cannot be said with certainty that 180 steps per minute is correct and that is your goal. It depends on many aspects, including your height, leg length, condition, etc. Many elite marathon runners who run under 2.5 hours have lousy technique and low cadence in terms of the latest knowledge. However, this does not mean that they cannot stay at the very top. I recommend trying and coming to your own golden center that will suit you. Conclusion Personally, I chose the analogous path of the running alphabet and consciously shortening the step. Although I'm not an elite runner and I'm more average, my cadence normally ranges between 185-195 steps per minute. When I occasionally hook into a group of runners during a race, I find it comical how much visible the difference in step exists. I feel more like I'm cupping than running. During slow runs, this impression is enhanced by a short step. I have been watching the running cadence for many years and it is exactly the same time that I do not suffer from any running injuries.

Taken from the blog mySASY „mySASY taught us to rest more and to use supercompensation more effectively“ How long have you been doing mushing and what has enchanted you so much? I have been involved in mushing, specifically canicross and other individual disciplines such as cycling or scootering with a dog, since 2011. It definitely won me over by combining the sports performance of a man and his dog. If one of the team's dog or human is significantly weaker, you will never achieve good results as a team. How long has the club been operating, what do you do within the JCC Musher Club and what was the first impulse for its establishment? We founded the club as such almost right after I started active sports in 2012. Originally it was just an unofficial group of several enthusiasts. The first impulse was just to give our sport a deeper meaning and especially its own jerseys. In 2015, we have already established an official association. We soon became members of the Czech Sports Union and the Czech Sleddog Sports Association. Today we associate competitors and their dogs from all over the country, but also from Slovakia. As a club, we have quite a wide scope. Our members run trail runs, road runs, extreme endurance races, bike and scooter races and much more. However, we focus mainly on mushing, most of its disciplines. Canicross (running with a dog), Scooterjöring (scooter with one or two dogs), Bikejöring (bicycle with one dog), Skijöring (cross-country skiing with one or two dogs). We already have competitors in the categories of dog sleds, where they race on sledges in the winter or on carts outside the winter season with more dogs. That's where the real mushing starts :). Can anyone become a member of the JCC Musher Club? Yes, we do not oppose anyone. On the contrary, we are happy for every active member who expands our sports family. Club membership does not only mean the opportunity to wear our jersey and participate in big races. It also means becoming part of a party of people who meet outside races at training camps and other events. In fact, we do not even insist that potential applicants for membership make sports only in mushing. We are also open to other athletes who just want to belong somewhere. What is the difference between classic trail running training and canicross? Is it mainly about technic? The differences may be minimal at first glance. However, it all depends on the size of the dog that is pulling you. The bigger the dog, the more brutal this sport can be. Canicross runs at distances from 3 to 9 km and the average pace of the top men's easily attacks the border under 3 minutes per kilometer. From this it can be sensed that the dog plays a significant role in this performance. The main difference is the fact that in canicross you have to reckon with the great strength of the dog that pulls you. In canicross, unlike a trial run, you no longer run for yourself. It could be said that canicross runner have it easier on the hillside and straight sections. However, this predominance ends at the runs down hill, the ability to stay on your feet plays a major role here, and your running pace is often dictated by the dog, which is not a threat in a trail run. How did you get to mySASY and what do you see as its biggest benefit? I first got to mySASY as an individual athlete. I read an interesting article, I don't even know exactly what blog it was, sometime in 2017. As a fan of technology in sports, I started experimenting. Subsequently, I recruited a few friends from the club and we all "tested" how it actually works. I clearly see the fact that mySASY will warn us when to slow down as the biggest benefit. Especially amateur athletes, of whom the vast majority in canicross, tend to train unnecessarily hard. This causes injuries or just stagnation. Paradoxically, mySASY taught us to relax more and, on the other hand, to use supercompensation more effectively. Previously, we only "guessed" when the time was right for a demanding workout. Today, thanks to supercompensations and other mySASY metrics, we can manage our trainings effectively. Is canicross suitable for every dog ​​breed, or does the dog have to meet some standards in order to compete? Canicross, like mushing, generally does not regulate breed requirements, so it is possible to play sports with any dog. Of course, given his physical capabilities and abilities. We have different breeds in the club, from beagles, through various shepherd or cattle breeds. Is there a breed in this sport that excels over others? If you want to break through and get to the elite level, you can't do without special crossbreeds of so-called European sled dogs (ESD). It is a mixture of German Shorthair, Greyhound and English Pointer. These hybrids are purposefully bred to literally live for mushing. They reach high speeds, have great power and, moreover, are relatively easy to work with. They are docile and have already had a genetically related relationship. Today, there are more similar hybrids, such as the so-called Eurohounds, who also have Nordic breeds or their hybrids in their blood. How is the training preparation of the dog and the competitor? What does the training mainly consist of? Again, it depends on the discipline and the distance you are preparing for, from which the training volumes are based. However, dog and human training are separate for several reasons. The main thing is the fact that training 3-4 times a week canicross means that sooner or later you will get an unpleasant injury and you will soon tired of your dog with his declining condition and performance. Therefore, runners train independently, their training often does not interfere with the training of an elite athlete. We also train dogs independently, usually in the pull on a bike or scooter, we use the brakes to keep them at the required speeds. Even dog training does not interfere with athlete training. Regeneration certainly belongs to the right training. How does such a dog racer regenerate, for example? We also distinguish between short-term and long-term regeneration in dogs. The first is between training units within weeks in one season. These are free walks, swimming and other additional activities that act as active regeneration. It is long-term between seasons, it is very often all summer until autumn, when it stretches minimally and dogs tend to employ additional sports or train with physiotherapists and specialized fitness courses for dogs. How long routes do they usually race? Mushinng divides distances into Sprints, Midles and Longs, even on or off the snow. Canicross is often run mainly at distances from 3 to 6 km. Recently, mountain runs over 20 or 40 km have also been on the course. We know that canicross has several offshoots. Can you introduce them to us? Canicross as such is one of the disciplines of muhing. It is an individual mushing discipline. Individual because only one dog races here. Unofficially, they can now compete in canicross-like disciplines, such as dog biathlon, which combines canicross and shooting. Furthermore, an obstacle course with a dog in the form of a "spartan race" is also becoming known, where you overcome obstacles with your dog. As I wrote in the previous question, we often encounter long-distance runs beyond the rules of canicross. So Canicross as such is only one. However, its various mutations and new offspring are growing and changing every year. Where is canicross the most popular and what popularity does it enjoy at home? Canicross is very popular in France, England and Belgium. However, the world leader is currently also from the Czech Republic. Professional athletes are slowly penetrating the Czech canicross, performing incredible performances. Canicross is a very popular sport in the Czech Republic and brings together more and more competitors every year. In 2012, a maximum of 20-40 competitors met us at the races, and today you will easily see 400 or more names on the starting list. What are the biggest successes of Czech competitors from abroad? If I evaluate pure canicross, we have European and world champions. We have the winner of a very demanding stage race in the French Alps and every year we attack the highest places. We also have world and European titles in other disciplines such as scooter or dog bike. We also have titles on sledges and sleds in general! In short, the Czech teams at the world championships are usually among the most successful in terms of the number of medals won. Is canicross suitable for everyone? And what would you advise someone who would like to start this sport? Canicross is definitely suitable for anyone looking for sports for themselves and their dog. I would definitely recommend anyone who would like to start to contact one of the existing mushing clubs, which brings together registered canicrossars and other mushers. Many great competitors are often concentrated in these clubs, who will give you very valuable advice in the beginning. Thanks to the combination of training yourself and the dog, it is very important to have enough correct information so that you do not make unnecessary mistakes.